The main ingredient in Bergamil Forte is bergamot, which is a citrus fruit that grows in southern Italy and is distinguished by its unique flavonoid profile, including neoerythrin, neohesperidin, naringin or rutin. Bergamot produces an extract in powder form, rich in health-promoting polyphenols – BPF (Bergamot-derived Polyphenolic Fraction). The compounds contained in the extract act as statins by inhibiting the enzyme that regulates cholesterol synthesis in the liver, i.e. HMG-CoA reductase. In addition, bergamot extract inhibits LDL-C oxidation, reduces pro-atherosclerotic sdLDL levels and activates adenosine monophosphate kinase (AMPK), which, among other things, inhibits anabolic processes such as cholesterol and fatty acid synthesis and increases glucose uptake in muscle cells. Furthermore, the anti-atherosclerotic properties of bergamot extract are partly related to the regulation of the activity of certain enzymes (e.g. acetyl-coenzyme A acetyltransferase, lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase) that are involved in the cholesterol esterification reaction and lipid distribution. There are reports that bergamot may increase faecal excretion of cholesterol and reduce intestinal absorption of this component. In addition to its lipid management properties, bergamot also has antioxidant (including reducing levels of indicators of vascular oxidative damage), anti-inflammatory, hypoglycaemic and neuroprotective effects. Chronic inflammation usually accompanies dyslipidaemia, so taking care of this factor will also bring additional benefits towards health.
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